SANTA MARTA, Colombia (AP) 鈥� High-level talks to accelerate the shift from fossil fuels got underway Tuesday in Colombia鈥檚 Caribbean city of Santa Marta, where President Gustavo Petro warned the world could 鈥渞each a point of no return鈥� without the Amazon鈥檚 role in regulating the climate.
The two-day segment of ministers and senior officials marks the political centerpiece of the where more than 50 countries have been discussing how to move away from oil, gas and coal 鈥� the main drivers of global warming 鈥� toward cleaner energy.
鈥淭he conclusion is unavoidable, we must transition away from fossil fuels 鈥� not just because it鈥檚 good for climate, but because it strengthens our energy independence and security,鈥� said Stientje van Veldhoven, minister for climate policy and green growth for the Netherlands, which is co-hosting the conference with Colombia.
The meeting reflects growing frustration among some governments and advocates that decades of have failed to directly address fossil fuel production, prompting the Santa Marta summit to push the issue outside formal talks. Recent negotiations have acknowledged the need for a transition, but countries remain divided over how to implement it and how to finance the shift.
Before the president took the stage, members of the Indigenous Arhuaco community from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta 鈥� who have long defended their ancestral lands from outside development 鈥� opened the ceremony with a traditional harmonization ritual, a spiritual ceremony in which they spoke in their native language and played ancestral instruments.
Colombian president warns Amazon at tipping point
Speaking in the afternoon, President Petro warned that 鈥渢he Amazon rainforest is burning,鈥� adding that 鈥渨ithout it we reach a point of no return.鈥�
The leftist leader questioned the global economic model underpinning fossil fuel use, asking whether 鈥渃apitalism can really adapt to a way of life that is not fossil-based.鈥� He said U.N. climate talks have fallen short, arguing that 鈥渢he unity of states has failed鈥� and calling for broader action beyond governments.
Petro also linked current conflicts to energy dependence, saying 鈥渢he wars we are seeing are driven by desperate geopolitical strategies around fossil resources.鈥�
Colombia’s Environment Minister Irene V茅lez Torres said in opening comments before Petro’s address that the conflict in the Middle East has revealed that 鈥渨e are not only dealing with a climate and environmental crisis, but also an economic and national security crisis.鈥�
Petro has positioned Colombia as a leading voice calling for a global shift away from fossil fuels, while pushing for a gradual transition at home that balances climate goals with economic realities.
A key moment for international cooperation
Outside the conference venue in the morning, members of a mining union protested against Petro and the event, chanting through megaphones and holding signs that read: 鈥淚 arrive at the conference by plane to criticize the oil industry,鈥� 鈥淢ore oil, less Petro,鈥� and 鈥淒efend your oil barrels.鈥�
outgoing Petro kept his pledge since taking office to halt new oil and gas exploration and steer the country toward a post-fossil fuel economy, even as the Andean nation remains heavily dependent on oil and coal exports.
Minister framed the gathering as a key moment for international cooperation.
鈥淟et this conference be the moment when ambition becomes solidarity and when cooperation becomes the path toward a future beyond fossil fuels,鈥� she said on Tuesday morning. 鈥淟et鈥檚 make this a turning point in history.鈥�
Yuvelis Morales Blanco, a 25-year-old activist from Puerto Wilches, Colombia, spoke at the opening plenary and called for urgent action and a transition rooted in communities.
鈥淲e are called to make real the world we have imagined,鈥� she said, urging governments to take 鈥渄irect and concrete actions鈥� to move away from fossil fuels and protect nature. 鈥淲e demand energy justice, climate justice and justice for youth and children.鈥�
Discussions in Santa Marta so far have highlighted the central challenge of funding the transition, particularly for developing countries facing high borrowing costs and limited access to capital.
Van Veldhoven of the Netherlands said access to affordable financing would be critical to ensuring the transition can happen globally, particularly for developing countries facing high debt and limited fiscal space.
Participants have also debated the role of policy tools such as carbon markets and government subsidies, as well as how to ensure the transition does not repeat patterns of land use and resource exploitation that have harmed communities in the past.
Organizers say the conference will not produce binding agreements, but that it is intended to build political momentum and bring together countries willing to accelerate the transition outside the formal U.N. process. It is also seen as a steppingstone toward upcoming global climate negotiations, where financing and timelines for reducing fossil fuel use are expected to remain key points of debate.
On Monday, Tuvalu, a tiny, low-lying Polynesian island nation in the South Pacific Ocean, announced it will host the next conference on transitioning away from fossil fuels. Small island nations are highly susceptible to climate change, with Tuvalu expected to be submerged by 2100 due to rising sea levels, according to scientists and the U.N.
___
The Associated Press鈥� climate and environmental coverage receives financial support from multiple private foundations. AP is solely responsible for all content. Find AP鈥檚 for working with philanthropies, a list of supporters and funded coverage areas at .
Copyright © 2026 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, written or redistributed.
