WASHINGTON (AP) 鈥� It鈥檚 not unusual for a 20-something to text Mom in a panic from the doctor鈥檚 office, seeking help answering a question. And patients of any age can struggle to recall all their medicines 鈥� or forget to mention a concern.
Getting the most out of a doctor鈥檚 visit requires some advance preparation. Even the professionals plan ahead.
鈥淚t is really hard 鈥� even for me as a doctor going to see my own family doctor 鈥� to remember the things that I wanted to bring up,鈥� said Dr. Sarah Nosal, president of the American Academy of Family Physicians. 鈥淭he worst is when you鈥檝e had that moment with your doctor鈥� only to recall another problem after walking out, she said. 鈥淵ou鈥檝e lost that time.鈥�
Her top tip: Bring a list of symptoms and questions to show at the start of the visit. The first item should be your top concern, but seeing the full list helps your doctor prioritize what鈥檚 most medically urgent.
鈥淚鈥檓 actually going to be able to see, is there a red flag?鈥� explained Nosal, who has some advice about prepping for a typical primary care visit.
Your primary care doctor monitors your overall health
Some illnesses require specialists like a cardiologist or rheumatologist. But regardless of your age or how healthy you are, research has long shown that a relationship with a primary care provider is important for overall health. It might be a family physician like Nosal, who cares for all ages, or an internist. Some patients choose gynecologists, geriatricians, or have a primary care team that includes nurse practitioners or physician assistants.
Primary care is more than preventive checkups to help avoid illness, such as vaccinations, cancer screenings or health advice. It also includes detecting and treating common problems like high blood pressure, and helping to find and coordinate specialty care.
鈥淭hat ongoing relationship also helps me know your 鈥榥ormal,鈥欌�� Nosal explained. 鈥淚f something鈥檚 different or changes or you feel off, when you tell me that information and I also have known you over time, we can really figure out together what鈥檚 going on.鈥�
Quiz your family before the appointment
Young adults navigating health care on their own for the first time may need help filling out forms with their personal medical history. Have you ever had general anesthesia? Is your tetanus shot up to date?
If you still have access to the patient portal at your former pediatrician鈥檚 office, you can see records of vaccinations and prior illnesses, or you may have to request them or quiz parents.
For all ages, family medical history is critical 鈥� and needs regular updating. Ask what diseases your close relatives have had and how they fared. For example, if Type 2 diabetes runs in the family, or Grandma had a stroke, or someone had cancer at a young age, that information could help tailor your preventive care, Nosal said.
Fill out your paperwork ahead of the visit
Filling out paperwork from home makes it easier to check medicine bottles for the name and dose. Include both prescription and over-the-counter medicines, pills or creams 鈥� and don鈥檛 forget vitamins and supplements.
Why are the latter important? Some can interact with prescription medicines. Nosal cited some patients whose longtime treatments quit working after they started taking turmeric, a spice also sold as a supplement.
Also before your visit, check if the doctor received records of recent lab tests, hospitalizations or visits to other health providers, since electronic medical records aren鈥檛 always automatically shared.
Keep a running list of questions before a doctor visit
Some symptoms are bad enough to prompt an urgent visit. But if you鈥檝e got a checkup coming, whether it鈥檚 routine or to follow up on health problems, start a list of questions in advance.
Notice a pain when you move a certain way? Or chatting with a friend who just got a colonoscopy and wonder if you鈥檙e due? Pop those on your list right away, before you forget 鈥� and be specific in describing symptoms.
Nosal keeps a running list on her phone and, ahead of visits with her own doctor, sends it as a heads-up through her patient portal. Patients also can include their list on visit check-in forms.
The idea is to address the most urgent questions first, rather than patients running out of time before raising a key concern. Nosal said questions about mental or sexual health and wellness especially tend to come up at the last minute.
Whatever the medium, 鈥減lease bring that list,鈥� she said. 鈥淭hat鈥檚 the most critical of all pieces.鈥�
It’s OK to ask again
People may know to ask questions about treatments, such as how well they work and what side effects to expect. But it鈥檚 also important to understand why a doctor makes a particular diagnosis or, conversely, isn鈥檛 as worried about a symptom as you might be.
Don鈥檛 hesitate to say, 鈥淓xplain to me what else could be going on,鈥� Nosal advised. 鈥淲hat would be the next step? How would you evaluate that for me, to know if it鈥檚 this or that?鈥�
Most health advocacy groups also advise bringing along a friend or relative, especially if you have serious or multiple health problems. They can help ask questions and take notes.
鈥淲hether you are 20 or you are 85, you will not remember everything from your medical visit,鈥� Nosal said.
___
The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute鈥檚 Department of Science Education and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The AP is solely responsible for all content.
Copyright © 2026 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, written or redistributed.
