The grizzly bear on California鈥檚 flag went extinct a century ago in the Golden State. Now, a group of tribes and environmentalists is urging the Legislature to study whether it鈥檚 possible to bring them back.
Grizzlies once lived across most of California. As many as 10,000 may have roamed before the Gold Rush. They were so prevalent that when California settlers tried to form their own nation, they called it the Bear Flag Republic.
Settlers systematically exterminated the animals, and they were gone by the 1920s, leaving the smaller black bear as the only surviving bear species.
A century and 34.5 million more people later, Inglewood Democratic Sen. 鈥檚 would task the California Department of Fish and Wildlife with creating a 鈥渞oadmap that evaluates whether, and under what conditions, reintroduction of the grizzly bear is feasible and advisable.鈥�
The measure provides no funding to carry out the study, which could be provided by a future Legislature or an outside group. And even if it were funded and its recommendations acted on, it would be several years and require help from a potentially adversarial federal government before a grizzly bear鈥檚 claws ever cut tracks in California.
The proposal鈥檚 hypothetical nature has done little to ease tensions over the prospect of some day returning the continent鈥檚 second-largest land predator to the nation鈥檚 most populous state.
On one side are organizations representing rural communities, hunting organizations and ranchers.
They argue it鈥檚 preposterous to consider re-introducing aggressive 800-pound bears to California鈥檚 degraded, drought- and fire-prone landscapes. Rural areas, they say, are already overwhelmed with conflicts with and growing and .
鈥淚 just don鈥檛 think that our California today is ready for a grizzly bear,鈥� Republican Assemblymember last month.
Hadwick鈥檚 sprawling rural district in northeastern California has faced years of tensions over predators, especially wolves, killing livestock and frightening small towns.
Environmentalists, tribes support
At least 40 tribes, environmentalists and animal welfare organizations support the bill, according to the . They say bringing back the state鈥檚 biggest apex land predator would improve the ecosystem and right an ecological wrong from California鈥檚 past.
鈥淚 can see the ways in which my homeland has suffered from the loss of iconic species such as the grizzly, and that this loss lingers in our heart and in the attenuation of a millennia-old relationship,鈥� Tiana Williams-Claussen, director of the Yurok Tribe鈥檚 wildlife department, . The Yurok and Tejon tribes are the bill鈥檚 cosponsors. from a coalition of tribes, environmentalists and university researchers found that the Yurok lands on the north coast as well as the nearby Klamath Mountains and Trinity Alps could be suitable grizzly habitat.
The study also singled out the southern Sierra Nevada including Yosemite, Kings Canyon and Sequoia national parks as well as the Transverse mountains that span from San Bernardino County to Santa Barbara County. It estimated the habitats could sustain between 424 to 1,713 grizzlies, though it recommends bringing in a population of 25 grizzlies to start. Grizzlies can be found in Alaska, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho and Washington.
Supporters of the proposal say grizzlies would help California鈥檚 ecosystem. The giant omnivorous bears till soil as they root up meals, helping restore conifer forests, prairies and oak savannas, easing fire danger.
Grizzlies also serve as a check on overpopulation of prey. Grizzlies could reduce California鈥檚 human conflicts with black bears since grizzlies compete for food with their smaller cousins. Grizzlies also kill and eat black bears.
鈥淭he loss of grizzlies might have been one of those contributing factors to that (black bear population) overgrowth,鈥� Williams-Claussen said in an interview.
Grizzlies and the urban-rural divide
Supporters鈥� arguments have appealed to the Democrats who control the Legislature.
Only Republicans have voted against the bill, which is pending before the Assembly Appropriations Committee when the Legislature returns Aug. 3.
Richardson didn鈥檛 return an interview request for this story. The measure鈥檚 Democratic coauthors are lawmakers from Southern California representing predominantly urban districts.
This spring, one of the coauthors, Sen. , that a mountain lion recently attacked one of his neighbors, so he understands rural concerns about predators.
Even so, learning to coexist with them is just part of living in a beautiful state filled with wildlife, Stern said. 鈥淲e want to live in a California where 鈥� that risk 鈥� there鈥檚 some beauty in it,鈥� said Stern, who represents the Sherman Oaks area of Los Angeles. 鈥淭o have that element in our lives, as opposed to just sterilizing our landscapes and our nature so that nothing else could ever be a risk 鈥� I think it makes us more human to have wildness in our lives.鈥�
Elizabeth Washoe, a Native American from Modoc County, hears that kind of talk from urban residents and rolls her eyes.
鈥淭here鈥檚 nothing I would love more than to see grizzly bears on the beach at Santa Barbara chasing rich people,鈥� she said.
But she said that would be cruel 鈥� to the bears.
Like many in California, Washoe鈥檚 people still pay homage to grizzlies through ceremonial bear dances, but she said it鈥檚 not 鈥渆thically right to bring them back.鈥�
She hopes lawmakers consider what life would be like for the grizzlies they鈥檇 have captured and brought to California, where they would face a landscape radically different and eight times more populated than when the bears last lived here.
鈥淭he bears don鈥檛 have any say in it,鈥� Washoe said. 鈥淲here they鈥檙e at, they鈥檙e living a pretty good life, and we鈥檇 take them and put them here in a landscape that is so dramatically changed from what it was the last time that the bears were truly living a good life here 鈥� I understand the idea of it, but to me it feels egotistical.鈥�
State wildlife officials wary
The California agency that would be responsible for studying grizzly bear reintroduction does not appear eager to take it on.
The Department Fish and Wildlife, which hasn鈥檛 taken an official position on the legislation, does not comment on pending bills, spokesperson Peter Tira told CalMatters this week. Gov. Gavin Newsom鈥檚 press office also declined to comment.
But there鈥檚 no indication the department鈥檚 position on grizzlies has changed since a former spokesperson told a reporter in 2023 that wildlife officials can barely keep up with existing predator conflicts.
鈥淏ringing another predator into the state that we would have to manage and come up with some program to figure out what happens when the grizzly attacks a human or kills livestock does not seem feasible for us,鈥� then-spokesperson Jordan Traverso told .
The department is chronically underfunded and understaffed. A legislative analysis for this year鈥檚 bill notes that Fish and Wildlife has enough cash and staff to complete just 38% of its existing duties. The department 鈥渨ould be unable to absorb the demand this roadmap would have on staff time and resources鈥� according to the analysis.
David Bess, who recently retired as its top law enforcement officer overseeing California鈥檚 game wardens, said the department is 鈥渄rowning in work,鈥� much of it trying to manage conflicts with predators already on the landscape.
鈥淚 just don鈥檛 see where the department even has the capacity to do it,鈥� Bess said.
Trump鈥檚 grizzly proposal
Now, President Donald Trump鈥檚 administration has added a new wrinkle to the debate.
Earlier this month, the administration issued a that seeks to return management of grizzlies to states, despite the bears being protected under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.
Environmentalists fear Trump鈥檚 proposal would allow conservative states to begin killing grizzlies to appease ranchers and big game hunters.
The proposed federal rule wouldn鈥檛 impact California鈥檚 grizzly proposal, since the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service would be in charge of any reintroduction program, said Andrea Zaccardi, carnivore conservation legal director at the Center for Biological Diversity, which supports Richardson鈥檚 legislation.
But having the bears in environmentally friendly states such as California could prove helpful if other states begin aggressively killing them off, she said.
鈥淗opefully, they would be managed more responsibly there,鈥� said Zaccardi, whose organization has to return grizzly bears to California.
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